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Amazon DVA-C02 - AWS Certified Developer - Associate Certification Exam

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Question #6 (Topic: demo questions)

An application is using Amazon Cognito user pools and identity pools for secure access. A developer
wants to integrate the user-specific file upload and download features in the application with
Amazon S3. The developer must ensure that the files are saved and retrieved in a secure manner and
that users can access only their own files. The file sizes range from 3 KB to 300 MB.
Which option will meet these requirements with the HIGHEST level of security?


A.
Use S3 Event Notifications to validate the file upload and download requests and update the user
interface (UI).
B.
Save the details of the uploaded files in a separate Amazon DynamoDB table. Filter the list of files
in the user interface (UI) by comparing the current user ID with the user ID associated with the file in
the table.
C.
Use Amazon API Gateway and an AWS Lambda function to upload and download files. Validate
each request in the Lambda function before performing the requested operation.
D.
Use an IAM policy within the Amazon Cognito identity prefix to restrict users to use their own
folders in Amazon S3.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
The most secure and scalable way to ensure users can only access their own files in Amazon S3 when using Amazon Cognito User Pools and Identity Pools is to use IAM policies scoped with Cognito identity-based prefixes (e.g., cognito-identity.amazonaws.com:sub). This allows you to enforce fine-grained access control at the S3 bucket level, ensuring each authenticated user is restricted to their own folder (for example, s3://bucket/${cognito-identity-id}/*). This approach is fully managed, highly secure, and does not require custom application logic or additional services, which makes it the best fit for handling large file uploads (3 KB to 300 MB) efficiently and securely.
Question #7 (Topic: demo questions)

Acompany is running Amazon EC2 instances in multiple AWS accounts. A developer needs to
implement an application that collects all the lifecycle events of the EC2 instances. The application
needs to store the lifecycle events in a single Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) queue in
the company's main AWS account for further processing.
Which solution will meet these requirements?

A.
Configure Amazon EC2 to deliver the EC2 instance lifecycle events from all accounts to the Amazon
EventBridge event bus of the main account. Add an EventBridge rule to the event bus of the main
account that matches all EC2 instance lifecycle events. Add the SQS queue as a target of the rule.
B.
Use the resource policies of the SQS queue in the main account to give each account permissions
to write to that SQS queue. Add to the Amazon EventBridge event bus of each account an
EventBridge rule that matches all EC2 instance lifecycle events. Add the SQS queue in the main
account as a target of the rule.
C.
Write an AWS Lambda function that scans through all EC2 instances in the company accounts to
detect EC2 instance lifecycle changes. Configure the Lambda function to write a notification message
to the SQS queue in the main account if the function detects an EC2 instance lifecycle change. Add an
Amazon EventBridge scheduled rule that invokes the Lambda function every minute.
D.
Configure the permissions on the main account event bus to receive events from all accounts.
Create an Amazon EventBridge rule in each account to send all the EC2 instance lifecycle events to
the main account event bus. Add an EventBridge rule to the main account event bus that matches all
EC2 instance lifecycle events. Set the SQS queue as a target for the rule.
Correct Answer: D
Explanation:
Amazon EC2 instances can send the state-change notification events to Amazon EventBridge.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/monitoring-instance-state-changes.html
Amazon EventBridge can send and receive events between event buses in AWS accounts.
https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eventbridge/latest/userguide/eb-cross-account.html
Question #8 (Topic: demo questions)

Acompany is implementing an application on Amazon EC2 instances. The application needs to
process incoming transactions. When the application detects a transaction that is not valid, the
application must send a chat message to the company's support team. To send the message, the
application needs to retrieve the access token to authenticate by using the chat API.
A developer needs to implement a solution to store the access token. The access token must be
encrypted at rest and in transit. The access token must also be accessible from other AWS accounts.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead?


A.
Use an AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store SecureString parameter that uses an AWS Key
Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed key to store the access token. Add a resource-based
policy to the parameter to allow access from other accounts. Update the IAM role of the EC2
instances with permissions to access Parameter Store. Retrieve the token from Parameter Store with
the decrypt flag enabled. Use the decrypted access token to send the message to the chat.
B.
Encrypt the access token by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer
managed key. Store the access token in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Update the IAM role of the EC2
instances with permissions to access DynamoDB and AWS KMS. Retrieve the token from DynamoDB.
Decrypt the token by using AWS KMS on the EC2 instances. Use the decrypted access token to send
the message to the chat.
C.
Use AWS Secrets Manager with an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed
key to store the access token. Add a resource-based policy to the secret to allow access from other
accounts. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances with permissions to access Secrets Manager.
Retrieve the token from Secrets Manager. Use the decrypted access token to send the message to
the chat.
D.
Encrypt the access token by using an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) AWS managed
key. Store the access token in an Amazon S3 bucket. Add a bucket policy to the S3 bucket to allow
access from other accounts. Update the IAM role of the EC2 instances with permissions to access
Amazon S3 and AWS KMS. Retrieve the token from the S3 bucket. Decrypt the token by using AWS
KMS on the EC2 instances. Use the decrypted access token to send the massage to the chat.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation:
The best solution with the least management overhead and strongest security is to use AWS Secrets Manager with a customer managed AWS KMS key to store the access token. Secrets Manager is purpose-built for storing and retrieving sensitive credentials such as API keys and access tokens, and it automatically provides encryption at rest and in transit, fine-grained IAM access control, and built-in cross-account access via resource-based policies. The application running on Amazon EC2 can securely retrieve the secret using IAM permissions without needing to manually manage encryption/decryption logic. This eliminates the need for custom storage, manual key handling, or additional infrastructure, making it the simplest and most secure option that meets all requirements.
Why others are incorrect:
  • A: AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store SecureString is secure, but cross-account access via resource policies is more limited and less flexible than Secrets Manager for this use case.
  • B: Requires manual encryption/decryption logic and DynamoDB management, increasing overhead.
  • D: Using S3 for secret storage is not designed for secrets management and adds unnecessary complexity and risk.
Therefore, AWS Secrets Manager (Option C) provides the best balance of security, simplicity, and cross-account accessibility.

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